Imaginative writing

Victoria Boulevard
St.14  Chicago

November 14 , 2014

Assalamualaikum warrahmatullahi wabarokatu.
Dear  Xavic

My dear grandchild, how are you? I hope you are fine and under the protection of Allah. I want to tell you something important that can affect and bring you into failure.

There are plenty of high school students influenced  other students to follow their bad behaviors. After school they hang around to catch one student and force them to drink  alcohol and the other drugs until they are addicted.

With this letter I do not want my beloved grandchild getting influenced and I just want to remind you to be more careful.


Lots of love
Grandma


- by: via noviani-

Cell membranes and Transport

Phospholipids
A substance whose molecules are made up of a glycerol molecule , two fatty acids and a phosphate group; a bilayer of phospholipids forms the basic structure of all cell membranes. Interestingly,when a phospholipid is placed in water, it spontaneously folds upon itself to create a double layer or bilayer.


Here are some examples of Phosholipids in water
a. Spread as a singgle layer of molecules( a monolayer) on the surface of water

b. Forming micelles surrounded by water

c. Forming bilayers

d. Bilayers forming membrane-bound compartments

Structure Of Membrane

Membranes have many different functions with a typical cell, such as keeping unwanted viruses out, buht probably the most valuable is the partitioning of the cell into the functional and segregated compartments.

This is the diagram of the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure.

The Roles of the domponents of cell membranes

1. Phospholipids : This is the basic structure of membrane .They act as barrier to most water-soluble molecules such as sugars,amino acids & proteins cannot leak out of the cell, and unwanted water soluble molecules cannot enter the cell.

2.  Cholesterol : Is a relatively small molecule ,the function is they fit neatly between the phospholipid molecules with their heads at the membrane surface.

3. Glycolipids, glycoproteins and proteins : They form hydrogen bonds with the water molecules and help to stabilise the membrane structure.

Transport across the cell surface membrane 

There are 5 basic mechanisms by which this exchange is achieved : Diffusion, Facilitated diffusion, Osmosis , Active transport and bulk transport.

A. Diffusion : can be defined as the net movement, as a result of  random motion of its molecules or ions, of a substance from a region from its higher concentration to a region of its lower concentration.

A substance diffuses across a membrane depends on a factors , such as :

1.The 'steepness' of the concentration gradient.

2. Temperature

3. The surface area

4. The nature of the molecules or ions 

B. Facilitated Diffusion : It can only cross the membrane with the help of certain protein molecules.Facilitate means to make easy or make possible and this is what the proteins do.

C. Osmosis : is the best regarded as special type of diffusion involving water molecules only.

D. Active transport :as the energy consuming transport of molecules or ions across a membrane against a concentration gradient.

E. Bulk transport :  There are two type of it which is :

1. Endocytosis : engulfing of the material by the cell surface membrane to form a small sac or 'endocytic vacuole' it takes to forms ,they are Phagocytosis (cell eating) and Pinocytosis (cell drinking).

2. Exocytosis : is the process by which materials are removed from cells.

-This is an assignment for my Biology A level-

By : Via noviani

Bohol Earthquake

It was really hard to accept this, I don't even know that this would be happening to our neighbor country. When I saw on TV ,it was really shocking me . I need a million time to believe it. I saw many corpses out there ,it was like the sea of corpses where the water is blood. I heard people were crying ,they were trying to find their families among the ruins ,which hard to find it. Scream and shouts were like the sound background of this disaster. I can't believe it , I lost everything that I have , I forgot to taste what's happiness.
They were trying to get out from ruins , the sounds was thunderous when the buildings crashed to their little body. As you know that without  telling you,you can directly imagine how the condition is. A small body asked for help ,but no one couldn't  help ,they were busy with their safety ,they were trying to survive but they couldn't escape it. Can you imagine a giant rubble crashed them , an asphalt road  split so that they fit into it. Oh my goodness ,the only thing that we can do for them is pray hard for them ,pray for our neighbor country . And hopefully this would be the last disaster that came to us. Stay strong my brothers and sisters in Philippines out there , may God bless you on what has happened to you.


By : Year 11
- Nadia Hasna Karimah & Via Noviani -

Ethanol emulsion for testing of fats

Materials :                                                                                               

- Ethanol                                                                                                

- Sticky rice (Lontong)                                                                            

- Brownies                                                                                              

- Rice                                                                                                      

- Coconut oil                                                                                           

- Alcohol                                                                                                 

- Bread

Equipments :
 - Test tube
- Filter funnel
- Mortar & Pestle

- Stiring rod
- Test tube rack
- Filter paper

Preparation of a solid sample :

1. Completely crushes adequate amount of food with a clean and dry mortar and pestle.

2. Transfer an adequate amount of crushed food sample to a clean test tube

3. Adds 2cm ethanol above the food sample

4. Shakes the test tube thoroughly and safely .

5. Allows the solid to settle for about 3 min

6. Decants the ethanol carefully into a clean,dry test tube without transference of food particles.

7. Adds 2cm of de-ionized water to the test tube

8. Compares each result with the negative control

9. Compares the heights of the emulsion layer of all the samples

Process

• Add the food sample to 2 cm3 of ethanol, shake well.
• Allow to settle in a test tube rack for 2 minutes for food to dissolve in ethanol.
• Empty any clear liquid into a test tube containing 2 cm3 of distilled H2O.
• A MILKY-WHITE EMULSION is a positive result: lipid is present.
• If the mixture remains clear, there are no fats present in the sample

Substance tested	Presence of spot	Lipids presence ?
Brownies	Yes	Yes
Rice
Sticky rice
Cooking oil	yes	Yes
White bread	Yes
Whole bread	No	No

By : Via Noviani { year 11}

The Fabulous Tree

 

When I was child , I was known as a fabulous girl. I loved to play soccer with my friends even all of them are boys

,but I have a reason because my girlfriends didn't want to play soccer.

I liked to see the view around the soccer field ,because the field was on the top of the hill ,the field was surrounded by trees ,when the trees were blown by the wind, they flapped their leaves with thundering sounds.After playing soccer I liked to sit below a shady tree. I felt so comfortable.This tree was different from the others. It has a big hole in the middle of it's stem, so I can put anything inside it. Sometimes I like to devoted or wrote a story then I put it inside it's hole.When I was taking a rest , I was fanned by it's leaves which made me so sleepy. I felt like it was my best friend who always be there when I was suffering from the sunlight. My fabulous tree had soft bark,that didn't make my skin sore when I leaned on it. I thought this tree was created for me to be my friend when I was alone. That's why I named it the fabulous tree.

-Via Noviani-

This is an assignment for my A Level class ( English)

Testing starch in foods

By : Via Noviani

The Presence Of Starch

Starch : An odorless tasteless white substance occuring widely in plant tissue and obtained chiefly from cereals and potatoes. It is polysaccharide that functions as a carbohydrate store and is an important constituent of the human diet.

Equipments :                                                        Materials :
                                                         
- Evaporating dish                                               - Iodine solution  I₂
- Test tube                                                         - Grape Juice
- Test tube rack                                                  - Banana
- Fume hood                                                      - Potato
- Filter funnel
- Knife
- Pestle/mortar
- Glass rod
- Pipette
- Tongs
- Bunsen burner
- Breaker


Steps :
1. Divide the banana into two ,add 3 drops of Iodine solution
2. Divide the potato into two ,add 3 drops of Iodine solution
3. Put the grape juice into test tube ,add 3 drops of Iodine solution
4. Do all those things inside the fume hood
5. You can see the result

In order to perform this project, we must use Iodine solution as a reagent for starch. One drop of this solution on any sample can detect starch by changing the color of the tested area to dark blue.We will be using the following samples :

SAMPLE	NORMAL COLOR	ADDED BY IODINE SOLUTION
Banana	Cream	Black
Potato	Cream	Black
Grape Juice	Purple	No changes

( This is an assignment for my Biology A Level  )

Starch Indicator : A blue-black color indicates the presence of starch. The darker the color ,the greater starch it's contain.

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